41 results
3 Harmonized Memory and Language Function in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) Across the United States and Mexico
- Miguel Arce Rentería, Emily M Briceño, Diefei Chen, Joseph Saenz, Jet M. J. Vonk, Lindsay Kobayashi, Chris Gonzalez, Rich Jones, Rebeca Wong, Kenneth M Langa, David R Weir, Jennifer J Manly, Alden L Gross
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 87-88
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Objective:
Cross-national neuropsychological research is needed to understand the social, economic, and cultural factors associated with cognitive risk and resilience across global aging populations. Memory and language have been shown to be sensitive to age-related cognitive decline and pathological cognitive aging processes and may be more sensitive to subtle cognitive decline than measures of global cognitive function. Thus, we aimed to derive and validate harmonized cognitive domain scores for memory and language across population-based studies in the US and Mexico.
Participants and Methods:Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) Ancillary Study on Cognitive Aging (Mex-Cog). We used confirmatory factor analysis methodology to create statistically co-calibrated cognitive domains of memory and language. We performed differential item functioning (DIF) analysis to evaluate measurement differences across studies, using a cultural neuropsychological approach to identify comparable items across studies (i.e., cross-study anchors). We evaluated harmonized scores by examining their relationship to age and education in each study.
Results:We included 3347 participants from the HRS-HCAP study [Mage=76.6(7.5), 60% female] and 2042 participants from the Mex-Cog study [Mage=68.1(9.0), 59% female]. Education was classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education in the following categories (HRS-HCAP and Mex-Cog, respectively): none or early childhood education: (0.7%; 50.5%), primary education (4.1%; 22.3%), lower secondary education (7.1%; 15.7%), upper secondary education (41.1%; 3.0%), and any college (47.1%; 8.5%). DIF analyses revealed that 5 out of the 7 memory items and 1 out of the 12 language items demonstrated statistical evidence of measurement differences across studies, meaning that these items measured each underlying cognitive construct differently across studies. After adjusting for DIF by not allowing the items with DIF to be cross-study anchors, harmonized memory and language scores showed generally the expected associations with age and education in each study. Increasing age was associated with lower memory (r=-0.40 in HRS-HCAP; r=-0.44 in Mex-Cog) and language (r=-0.31 in HRS-HCAP and r=-0.67 in Mex-Cog) scores. Increasing years of education was associated with better memory and language scores, with mean scores ranging from z=-0.86 and z=-0.29 among those with a primary education or lower to z=0.33 and z=0.90 among those with any college, for HRS-HCAP and Mex-Cog, respectively.
Conclusions:A cultural neuropsychology approach to statistical harmonization facilitates the generation of harmonized measures of cognitive functioning in cross-national studies. Future work can utilize these harmonized cognitive scores to investigate determinants of late-life cognitive decline and dementia in the US and Mexico.
Classic Maya mirror conjurors of Waka', Guatemala
- David A. Freidel, Olivia C. Navarro-Farr, Michelle E. Rich, Juan Carlos Meléndez, Juan Carlos Pérez, Griselda Pérez Robles, Mary Kate Kelly
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- Journal:
- Ancient Mesoamerica / Volume 35 / Issue 1 / Spring 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 September 2023, pp. 6-28
- Print publication:
- Spring 2024
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The Classic period lowland Maya used iron-ore mosaic mirrors and deposited mirrors in the burials of rulers and other people. Depictions of mirrors suggest that they were used for scrying, as were mirrors in Mesoamerica at the time of the Spanish arrival. Maya mirror users of this kind were conjurors, who used a variety of other divining and conjuring instruments and materials, including plates and shallow bowls. Three rulers at El Peru-Waka', now called Waka' by researchers at the site, an ancient city in northwestern Peten, Guatemala, were buried with mirrors and associated divining and conjuring materials. Following a brief introduction to the city and its temples, we describe the arrangement of mirrors and associated materials in three royal tombs. We suggest that the mirrors in these tombs were used in conjuring supernatural beings into existence, particularly Akan, a death god and wahy spirit who was a patron of the Waka' realm. We propose that the rulers and mirror conjurors of Waka' were oracles and that Waka' was known for prophecy. References to Sihyaj K'ahk' in text and iconography at Waka', and his association with oracular paraphernalia such as mirrors, lead us to propose a prophetic aspect of the visit of Sihyaj K'ahk' to the site eight days prior to his famous arrival at Tikal in a.d. 378. We suggest that the three rulers we discuss were mirror oracles sustained by the prestige of the prophecy of Sihyaj K'ahk'.
449 Progression of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis is arrested after selective ablation of Col1a1+ fibroblasts
- Part of
- Daniel G Foster, Nomin Javkhlan, Jasmine Wilson, Benjamin L. Edelman, David W. H. Riches, Elizabeth F. Redente
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 7 / Issue s1 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 April 2023, pp. 133-134
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Silicosis is a highly fatal progressive fibrotic disease of the lungs characterized by accumulation and persistence of fibroblasts that excessively deposit Collagen1a1. We sought to eliminate Collagen1a1-expressing fibroblasts through a targeted genetic ablation strategy and hypothesized that this would arrest the progression of Silicosis. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Silicosis was induced with a single intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of silica particles ( RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Targeted ablation of Col1a1+ fibroblast in established Silicosis resulted in a decrease in: 1) Col1a1+ fibroblasts by flow cytometry and within fibrotic nodules by immunofluorescent staining, 2) total lung collagen content by histology and hydroxyproline assay, 3) tissue-associated disease by microCT and an increase in arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. Cessation of targeted Col1a1+ fibroblast ablation resulted in a rebound effect in Silicosis disease progression. Following ablation, Col1a1+ fibroblasts expanded by proliferation (Ki67+) and total lung collagen levels returned to pre-ablation levels. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Silicosis is a often fatal disease with no FDA approved therapies. These results suggest that targeted loss of Col1a1+ fibroblasts in Silicosis is sufficient to arrest disease progression. Thus, it is essential to understand how targeted loss of pro-fibrotic fibroblasts can alter disease progression as a tool to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
Hepatitis B in Africa Collaborative Network: cohort profile and analysis of baseline data
- Nicholas Riches, Michael Vinikoor, Alice Guingane, Asgeir Johannessen, Maud Lemoine, Philippa Matthews, Edith Okeke, Yusuke Shimakawa, Roger Sombie, Alexander Stockdale, Gilles Wandeler, Monique Andersson, Pantong Davwar, Hailemichael Desalegn, Mary Duguru, Fatou Fall, Tongai Maponga, David Nyam Paul, Moussa Seydi, Edford Sinkala, Jantjie Taljaard, Mark Sonderup, C. Wendy Spearman
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 151 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 April 2023, e65
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Approximately 80 million people live with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the WHO Africa Region. The natural history of HBV infection in this population is poorly characterised, and may differ from patterns observed elsewhere due to differences in prevailing genotypes, environmental exposures, co-infections, and host genetics. Existing research is largely drawn from small, single-centre cohorts, with limited follow-up time. The Hepatitis B in Africa Collaborative Network (HEPSANET) was established in 2022 to harmonise the process of ongoing data collection, analysis, and dissemination from 13 collaborating HBV cohorts in eight African countries. Research priorities for the next 5 years were agreed upon through a modified Delphi survey prior to baseline data analysis being conducted. Baseline data on 4,173 participants with chronic HBV mono-infection were collected, of whom 38.3% were women and the median age was 34 years (interquartile range 28–42). In total, 81.3% of cases were identified through testing of asymptomatic individuals. HBeAg-positivity was seen in 9.6% of participants. Follow-up of HEPSANET participants will generate evidence to improve the diagnosis and management of HBV in this region.
6 - Law and Accountability, Secrecy and Guilt: Soviet Trawniki Defendants’ Trials, 1960–1970
- Edited by Eric Le Bourhis, Irina Tcherneva, Vanessa Voisin, Università di Bologna
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- Book:
- Seeking Accountability for Nazi and War Crimes in East and Central Europe
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 20 December 2022
- Print publication:
- 25 October 2022, pp 221-256
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Summary
Nikolaj Leont’ev was one of the witnesses whom internationally known Soviet writer, journalist, and critic Lev Ginzburg congratulated in 1965 for the courage of his testimony at the trial that June of six mass murderers in Krasnodar. The defendants, like Leont’ev, had been Red Army prisoners of war who, in the fall of 1941, entered the SS and police guard forces (Wachmannschaften) and served in the Nazi German extermination centers in occupied Poland in 1942–44. Leont’ev (and key witnesses like him) were free to testify against the defendants as direct participants in the killing only because no one had accused him also of participation. Leont’ev had told the court about the crime scene—the Bełżec extermination center in the General Government. The six were convicted and executed on October 7–8, 1965. Leont’ev’s prewar biography was indistinguishable from the lives of most Red Army men in 1941. His life had also been indistinguishable from the defendants’ lives in another way: together with them, he surrendered to German forces in the summer of 1941, then was recruited by the SS training camp in Trawniki (near Lublin in the General Government) to perform armed service for the SS and police. They had served as guards in the liquidation of the Lublin Jewish ghetto and at the Bełżec extermination center. His biography diverged from that of the defendants, however, because he had deserted to the partisans in early 1943 and ended the war “on the right side.” Their biographies converged again: all were arrested and tried for treason during the immediate postwar years and sentenced to long terms in labor camps, then amnestied after Stalin’s death.
To Soviet security authorities, Trawniki-trained men like Leont’ev were undoubtedly traitors: they had surrendered to the Germans and sworn an oath to serve Nazi authorities loyally. They were subjected to the rightly notorious justice of Article 58 simply by virtue of having served the Germans. Some, however, had also been accomplices in Nazi-led mass state crimes. The Soviet security apparatus uncovered who the Trawniki men were—the two thousand Red Army men that surrendered and another two thousand western Ukrainian civilian recruits.
Development of Operando X-ray Ptychography at the Advanced Light Source
- David Shapiro, Rich Celestre, Young-Sang Yu
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 28 / Issue S1 / August 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 July 2022, p. 850
- Print publication:
- August 2022
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Athenacrinus n. gen. and other early echinoderm taxa inform crinoid origin and arm evolution
- Thomas E. Guensburg, James Sprinkle, Rich Mooi, Bertrand Lefebvre, Bruno David, Michel Roux, Kraig Derstler
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 94 / Issue 2 / March 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 December 2019, pp. 311-333
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Intermediate morphologies of a new fossil crinoid shed light on the pathway by which crinoids acquired their distinctive arms. Apomorphies originating deep in echinoderm history among early nonblastozoan pentaradiate echinoderms distinguish Tremadocian (earliest Ordovician) crinoid arms from later taxa. The brachial series is separated from the ambulacra, part of the axial skeleton, by lateral plate fields. Cover plates are arrayed in two tiers, and floor plates expressed podial basins and pores. Later during the Early Ordovician, floor plates contacted and nestled into brachials, then were unexpressed as stereom elements entirely and cover plates were reduced to a single tier. Incorporation of these events into a parsimony analysis supports crinoid origin deep in echinoderm history separate from blastozoans (eocrinoids, ‘cystoids’). Arm morphology is exceptionally well-preserved in the late Tremadocian to early Floian Athenacrinus broweri new genus new species. Character analysis supports a hypothesis that this taxon originated early within in the disparid clade. Athenacrinus n. gen. (in Athenacrinidae new family) is the earliest-known crinoid to express what is commonly referred to as ‘compound’ or ‘biradial’ morphology. This terminology is misleading in that no evidence for implied fusion or fission of radials exists, rather it is suggested that this condition arose through disproportionate growth.
UUID: http://zoobank.org/b383e039-3298-4472-a7e3-e81684f87cfe
Meta-analysis across Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium provides evidence for an association of serum vitamin D with pulmonary function
- Jiayi Xu, Traci M. Bartz, Geetha Chittoor, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Ani W. Manichaikul, Fangui Sun, Natalie Terzikhan, Xia Zhou, Sarah L. Booth, Guy G. Brusselle, Ian H. de Boer, Myriam Fornage, Alexis C. Frazier-Wood, Mariaelisa Graff, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara B. Harris, Albert Hofman, Ruixue Hou, Denise K. Houston, David R. Jacobs, Jr, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Jeanne Latourelle, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Pamela L. Lutsey, George O’Connor, Elizabeth C. Oelsner, James S. Pankow, Bruce M. Psaty, Rebecca R. Rohde, Stephen S. Rich, Jerome I. Rotter, Lewis J. Smith, Bruno H. Stricker, V. Saroja Voruganti, Thomas J. Wang, M. Carola Zillikens, R. Graham Barr, Josée Dupuis, Sina A. Gharib, Lies Lahousse, Stephanie J. London, Kari E. North, Albert V. Smith, Lyn M. Steffen, Dana B. Hancock, Patricia A. Cassano
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 120 / Issue 10 / 28 November 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 September 2018, pp. 1159-1170
- Print publication:
- 28 November 2018
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The role that vitamin D plays in pulmonary function remains uncertain. Epidemiological studies reported mixed findings for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)–pulmonary function association. We conducted the largest cross-sectional meta-analysis of the 25(OH)D–pulmonary function association to date, based on nine European ancestry (EA) cohorts (n 22 838) and five African ancestry (AA) cohorts (n 4290) in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium. Data were analysed using linear models by cohort and ancestry. Effect modification by smoking status (current/former/never) was tested. Results were combined using fixed-effects meta-analysis. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 68 (sd 29) nmol/l for EA and 49 (sd 21) nmol/l for AA. For each 1 nmol/l higher 25(OH)D, forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1) was higher by 1·1 ml in EA (95 % CI 0·9, 1·3; P<0·0001) and 1·8 ml (95 % CI 1·1, 2·5; P<0·0001) in AA (Prace difference=0·06), and forced vital capacity (FVC) was higher by 1·3 ml in EA (95 % CI 1·0, 1·6; P<0·0001) and 1·5 ml (95 % CI 0·8, 2·3; P=0·0001) in AA (Prace difference=0·56). Among EA, the 25(OH)D–FVC association was stronger in smokers: per 1 nmol/l higher 25(OH)D, FVC was higher by 1·7 ml (95 % CI 1·1, 2·3) for current smokers and 1·7 ml (95 % CI 1·2, 2·1) for former smokers, compared with 0·8 ml (95 % CI 0·4, 1·2) for never smokers. In summary, the 25(OH)D associations with FEV1 and FVC were positive in both ancestries. In EA, a stronger association was observed for smokers compared with never smokers, which supports the importance of vitamin D in vulnerable populations.
Barriers to Providing Prehospital Care to Ischemic Stroke Patients: Predictors and Impact on Care
- Timmy Li, Jeremy T. Cushman, Manish N. Shah, Adam G. Kelly, David Q. Rich, Courtney M. C. Jones
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 33 / Issue 5 / October 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 August 2018, pp. 501-507
- Print publication:
- October 2018
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Introduction
Ischemic stroke treatment is time-sensitive, and barriers to providing prehospital care encountered by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers have been under-studied.
Hypothesis/ProblemThis study described barriers to providing prehospital care, identified predictors of these barriers, and assessed the impact of these barriers on EMS on-scene time and administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the emergency department (ED).
MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-S; American Heart Association [AHA]; Dallas, Texas USA) registry at two hospitals to identify ischemic stroke patients arriving by EMS. Variables were abstracted from prehospital and hospital medical records and merged with registry data. Barriers to care were grouped into themes. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of barriers to care, and bi-variate tests were used to assess differences in EMS on-scene time and the proportion of patients receiving tPA between patients with and without barriers.
ResultsBarriers to providing prehospital care were documented for 15.5% of patients: 29.6% related to access, 26.7% communication, 23.0% extrication and transportation, 20.0% refusal, and 14.1% assessment/management. Non-white and non-black race (OR: 3.69; 95% CI, 1.63-8.36) and living alone (OR: 1.53; 95% CI, 1.05-2.23) were associated with greater odds of barriers to providing care. The EMS on-scene time was ≥15 minutes for 70.4% of patients who had a barrier to care, compared with 49.0% of patients who did not (P<.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who were administered tPA between those with and without barriers to care (14.1% vs 19.2%; P=.159).
ConclusionsBarriers to providing prehospital care were documented for a sizable proportion of ischemic stroke patients, with the majority related to patient access and communication, and occurred more frequently among non-white and non-black patients and those living alone. Although EMS on-scene time was longer for patients with barriers to care, the proportion of patients receiving tPA in the ED did not differ.
,Li T ,Cushman JT ,Shah MN ,Kelly AG ,Rich DQ .Jones CMC Barriers to Providing Prehospital Care to Ischemic Stroke Patients: Predictors and Impact on Care . Prehosp Disaster Med.2018 ;33 (5 ):501 –507 .
8 - Maya Sacred Play: The View from El Perú-Waka’
- from Part II - Playing with Belief and Performance in Ancient Societies
- Edited by Colin Renfrew, University of Cambridge, Iain Morley, University of Oxford, Michael Boyd, University of Cambridge
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- Book:
- Ritual, Play and Belief, in Evolution and Early Human Societies
- Published online:
- 06 December 2017
- Print publication:
- 21 December 2017, pp 101-115
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Imagining a Complex Maya Political Economy: Counting Tokens and Currencies in Image, Text and the Archaeological Record
- David A. Freidel, Marilyn A. Masson, Michelle Rich
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- Journal:
- Cambridge Archaeological Journal / Volume 27 / Issue 1 / February 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 October 2016, pp. 29-54
- Print publication:
- February 2017
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Exploring the long-term use of accounting practices and currencies by literate and numerate authorities contributes new information regarding the complexity of the political economy of ancient Maya society. Two forms of indirect, yet compelling, lines of evidence for accounting practices and currencies are presented in this article. First, we identify potential accounting devices (counting sticks and tokens) found in the tombs of royal scribes and nobles, based on the contextual associations and depicted uses of similar objects in Maya art such as polychrome vases and murals. Second, we argue that the long-term use and significant standardization of specific shell objects suggests their role as all-purpose monies, in addition to their complementary status as counting devices or numerical symbols. This paper addresses the intricate relationships between symbolism, value and multiple modes of exchange that have long been of interest to cross-cultural studies in anthropology.
Ernietta from the late Edicaran Nama Group, Namibia
- David A. Elliott, Peter W. Trusler, Guy M. Narbonne, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Nicole Morton, Mike Hall, Karl H. Hoffmann, Gabi I.C. Schneider
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 90 / Issue 6 / November 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 September 2016, pp. 1017-1026
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Ernietta plateauensis Pflug, 1966 is the type species of the Erniettomorpha, an extinct clade of Ediacaran life. It was likely a gregarious, partially infaunal organism. Despite its ecological and taxonomic significance, there has not been an in-depth systematic description in the literature since the original description fell out of use. A newly discovered field site on Farm Aar in southern Namibia has yielded dozens of specimens buried in original life position. Mudstone and sandstone features associated with the fossils indicate that organisms were buried while still exposed to the water column rather than deposited in a flow event. Ernietta plateauensis was a sac-shaped erniettomorph with a body wall constructed from a double layer of tubes. It possessed an equatorial seam lying perpendicular to the tubes. The body is asymmetrical on either side of this seam. The tubes change direction along the body length and appear to be constricted together in the dorsal part of the organism.
Reconstructing Rangea: new discoveries from the Ediacaran of southern Namibia
- Patricia Vickers-Rich, Andrey Yu. Ivantsov, Peter W. Trusler, Guy M. Narbonne, Mike Hall, Sasha Wilson, Carolyn Greentree, Mikhail A. Fedonkin, David A. Elliott, Karl H. Hoffmann, Gabi I. C. Schneider
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 87 / Issue 1 / January 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 May 2016, pp. 1-15
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Rangea is the type genus of the Rangeomorpha, an extinct clade near the base of the evolutionary tree of large, complex organisms which prospered during the late Neoproterozoic. It represents an iconic Ediacaran taxon, but the relatively few specimens previously known significantly hindered an accurate reconstruction. Discovery of more than 100 specimens of Rangea in two gutter casts recovered from Farm Aar in southern Namibia significantly expands this data set, and the well preserved internal and external features on these specimens permit new interpretations of Rangea morphology and lifestyle. Internal structures of Rangea consist of a hexaradial axial bulb that passes into an axial stalk extending the length of the fossil. The axial bulb is typically filled with sediment, which becomes increasingly loosely packed and porous distally, with the end of the stalk typically preserved as an empty, cylindrical cone. This length of the axial structure forms the structural foundation for six vanes arranged radially around the axis, with each vane consisting of a bilaminar sheet composed of a repetitive pattern of elements exhibiting at least three orders of self-similar branching. Rangea was probably an epibenthic frond that rested upright on the sea bottom, and all known fossil specimens were transported prior to their final burial in storm deposits.
Are homalozoans echinoderms? An answer from the extraxial-axial theory
- Bruno David, Bertrand Lefebvre, Rich Mooi, Ronald Parsley
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- Journal:
- Paleobiology / Volume 26 / Issue 4 / Fall 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 February 2016, pp. 529-555
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Homalozoans include four classes of non-pentamerous Paleozoic echinoderms: Homostelea (cinctans), Ctenocystoidea (ctenoid-bearing homalozoans), Homoiostelea (solutes), and Stylophora (cornutes and mitrates). Their atypical morphologies have historically made it difficult to relate them to other classes. Therefore, their systematic positions have been represented by two hypotheses (H): as stem taxa to echinoderms (H1) or as stem taxa to chordates (H2). These conclusions rest on previous inability to recognize synapomorphies with more crownward echinoderms, resulting in a forcing of the homalozoans down the phylogenetic tree that is more artifactual than evolutionary. The Extraxial-Axial Theory (EAT) identifies body-wall homologies, common ontogenetic patterns, and major events in bodyplan evolution. Therefore, the EAT can identify synapomorphies among even the most disparate of echinoderms. Application of the EAT undermines both H1 and H2 and strongly suggests that the bizarre asymmetry of homalozoans is a derived characteristic, and not indicative of plesiomorphic morphology for either chordates or echinoderms. Each of the four homalozoan clades and their major features are reexamined using the EAT. New findings are presented concerning homologies of thecal body wall, but we focus on stems, arms, and brachioles, which are recognized as very distinct products of independent evolutionary events. The results support a new interpretation (H3) of homalozoans as a polyphyletic assemblage that can be parsed out into other, clearly echinoderm clades. The Homoiostelea and Homostelea share the blastozoan synapomorphy of a brachiole. The enigmatic Ctenocystoidea also seem to have brachioles. The Stylophora have an arm as in crinoids. H3 is also more congruent with the known fossil record. Although they are stratigraphically early echinoderms, homalozoans are not indicative of the plesiomorphic morphology of the phylum.
Taphonomy of the Ediacaran Fossil Pteridinium Simplex Preserved Three-Dimensionally in Mass Flow Deposits, Nama Group, Namibia
- Mike Meyer, David Elliott, James D. Schiffbauer, Michael Hall, Karl H. Hoffman, Gabi Schneider, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Shuhai Xiao
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 88 / Issue 2 / March 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 October 2015, pp. 240-252
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Ediacara-type fossils are found in a diverse array of preservational styles, implying that multiple taphonomic mechanisms might have been responsible for their preservational expression. For many Ediacara fossils, the “death mask” model has been invoked as the primary taphonomic pathway. The key to this preservational regime is the replication or sealing of sediments around the degrading organisms by microbially induced precipitation of authigenic pyrite, leading toward fossil preservation along bedding planes. Nama-style preservation, on the other hand, captures Ediacaran organisms as molds and three-dimensional casts within coarse-grained mass flow beds, and has been previously regarded as showing little or no evidence of a microbial preservational influence. To further understand these two seemingly distinct taphonomic pathways, we investigated the three-dimensionally preserved Ediacaran fossil Pteridinium simplex from mass flow deposits of the upper Kliphoek Member, Dabis Formation, Kuibis Subgroup, southern Namibia. Our analysis, using a combination of petrographic and micro-analytical methods, shows that Pteridinium simplex vanes are replicated with minor pyrite, but are most often represented by open voids that can be filled with secondary carbonate material; clay minerals are also found in association with the vanes, but their origin remains unresolved. The scarcity of pyrite and the development of voids are likely related to oxidative weathering and it is possible that microbial activities and authigenic pyrite may have contributed to the preservation of Pteridinium simplex; however, any microbes growing on P. simplex vanes within mass flow deposits were unlikely to have formed thick mats as envisioned in the death mask model. Differential weathering of replicating minerals and precipitation of secondary minerals greatly facilitate fossil collection and morphological characterization by allowing Pteridinium simplex vanes to be parted from the massive hosting sandstone.
Contributors
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- By Janice Capel Anderson, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Constantine Belezos, Ian Boxall, Marc Zvi Brettler, Edward Breuer, Daniel Bruno, Mark Chapman, W. T. Dickens, Mark W. Elliott, Eldon Epp, Tassilo Erhardt, Timothy Gorringe, Harriet Harris, Peter C. Hodgson, Leslie Howsam, Werner G. Jeanrond, Scott McLaren, Wayne A. Meeks, Néstor Míguez, Stephen D. Moore, Robert Morgan, Halvor Moxnes, Peter Neuner, Mark Noll, Jorunn Økland, Gaye Ortiz, John Riches, Christopher Rowland, Nicolaas A. Rupke, Edmund J. Rybarczyk, Lamin Sanneh, Constantine Scouteris, R. S. Sugirtharajah, Willard M. Swartley, William R. Telford, David Thompson, Elena Volkova, J. R. Watson, Gerald West, Michael Wheeler, Keith Whitelam
- Edited by John Riches, University of Glasgow
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- Book:
- The New Cambridge History of the Bible
- Published online:
- 09 June 2015
- Print publication:
- 13 April 2015, pp xi-xii
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People interviewed
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- By Masood Ahmed, Mark Allen, Thomas Bernes, Gordon Betcherman, Jack Boorman, David Booth, Hugh Bredenkamp, Ariel Buira, Michel Camdessus, Rob Chase, Jeff Chelsky, Jean-Jacques Dethier, Ruth Driscoll, Ariel Fiszbein, David Goldsbrough, Eduardo Gonzalez, Jo Marie Griesgraber, Kjetil Hansen, Robert Holzmann, Emmanuel Jiminez, Homi Kharas, Willy Kiekens, Hetty Kovach, Johannes Linn, Meg Lundsager, Abbas Mirakhor, Alexandros Mourmouras, Tom Neylan, Marjolaine Nicod, Mark Plant, Jacques Polak, Jeff Powell, Bruce Rich, Rick Rowden, Tom Scholar, Sunil Sharma, Ted Truman, Lisa Williams, Felix Zimmerman
- Jacqueline Best, University of Ottawa
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- Book:
- Governing Failure
- Published online:
- 05 January 2014
- Print publication:
- 09 January 2014, pp 263-265
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Author Bios
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- By Laura Díaz Anadón, Per Dannemand Andersen, Evandro Luíz Dall’Oglio, Sabine Fuss, Kelly Sims Gallagher, Arnulf Grubler, Arne Jacobson, Martin Jakob, Kejun Jiang, Daniel M. Kammen, Ruud Kempener, Osamu Kimura, Bernadett Kiss, Volker Krey, David McCollum, Dustin Meyer, Lynn Mytelka, Lena Neij, Gregory F. Nemet, Anastasia O’Rourke, Rich Press, Keywan Riahi, Paulo Teixeira de Sousa, Charlie Wilson
- Edited by Arnulf Grubler, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria, Charlie Wilson, University of East Anglia
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- Book:
- Energy Technology Innovation
- Published online:
- 18 December 2013
- Print publication:
- 30 December 2013, pp ix-xii
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Complex dynamics of Möbius semigroups
- DAVID FRIED, SEBASTIAN M. MAROTTA, RICH STANKEWITZ
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- Journal:
- Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems / Volume 32 / Issue 6 / December 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 February 2012, pp. 1889-1929
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- December 2012
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We study the dynamics of semigroups of Möbius transformations on the Riemann sphere, especially their Julia sets and attractors. This theory relates to the dynamics of rational functions, rational semigroups, and Möbius groups and we compare and contrast these theories. We particularly examine Caruso’s family of Möbius semigroups, based on a random dynamics variant of the Fibonacci sequence.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. 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